GLOSSARY
Chapter 1
Philosophy
- combination of Greek words, ‘philos’ means love and ‘sophia’ which means wisdom.
Speculation
- theorizing, conjecture commercial activity involving serious risk in the hope of large profits.
Epistemology
- concerns the nature and scope of knowledge.
Ethics
- came from ‘ethos’ which means ‘norms’.
Telos
- end
Metaphysics
- study of the nature and realities of being.
Reflection
- reflecting or being reflected.
- To be in accordance with and give an insight into.
Aesthetics
- Study of beauty and taste
- Study of art and beauty
Etymology
- deals with the origin of word
Axiology
- philosophy advocating value judgments embracing ethics and aesthetics
Chapter 2
Social Philosophy
- deals with the concept and principles regarding the society in relation to moral, spiritual and cultural standards
Postulate
- a truth that has been proven by one science and has taken into or used by another science
Sodus
- companion
Being-for-others
- people work for other
- other people use the product of others labor
- vice versa of being-through-others
In-der-welt-sein
- being in the world
Sociology
- study of the origin; history and the structure of human society and its institutions
Contemporary
- belonging to the same time
- contemporaneous
Dasein
- german word of ‘being’ in its ontological and philosophical sense
Being-through-others
- everyone need other people to live, people use the work/product of other people
Ordre de Coeur
- order of the heart
Chapter 3
Ideology
- an organized collection of ideas
Consanguineous
- related by blood
- descended from the some ancestor
Truncated
- to shorten by cutting off the top or end
Stratification
-the formation of strata the condition of being stratified
o stratified
§ to arrange or from in strata
o strata
§ a roughly horizontal layer of homogeneous material with its surfaces parallel to those of layers of material with its surfaces parallel to those of layers of material of different kinds on either the world
Eschatology
- branch of theology which deals with the final end of man ad of the world
Egalitarian
- holding the view that all men have equal social and political rights
- someone who holds the view
Weltanschauung
- refers to a wide world perception
o welt
§ german word for ‘world’
o anshauung
§ view/outlook
Efficient Cause
- the immediate producer of a change
Final Cause
- the end or purpose of a thing
Chapter 4
Connatural
- inborn-inherit
- innate- belonging to a person’s nature of the same nature, cognate having a common ancestor or origin
Stoic
- a person who endures hardship and adversity with fortitude
Belligerence
- aggressiveness
Collusion
- a dishonest, secret agreement
- a fraudulent secret agreement between litigating parties especially one between man and wife to commit an offense to obtain divorce
Corollary
- a proposition which can be inferred from one already proved as self- evidently true
- natural consequence or result
Recalcitrant
- Refusing to submit to authority, rules etc.
- (of a substance or machine) resisting efforts at control
- (med) unresponsive to treatment
Alienable
- Capable of being alienated – to cause (affection) to be withdrawn
- To cause (someone) to withdraw affection
- (law) to transfer (property, title)
- To loose or give up (some natural right)
Asceticism
- Theory or practice of an ascetic – practicing self –discipline with a view to spiritual improvement, especially by learning to do which things good in themselves
Synderesis
- Natural capacity or disposition of the practical reason to apprehend intuitively the universal first principles of human action
Chapter 5
Rarefaction
- A rarefying or being rarefied to make rare; to make subtle
Dubitable
- Open to doubts; open to question
Strife
- A condition of enmity often arising out or rivalry prolonged struggle for power or superitry discord
Cosmogonists
- Someone specializing in cosmogony
o Cosmogony
§ The origin of the universe
§ A theory of its origin
Flux
- The act of flowing; the condition of continuously changing; a substance added to another to give a lower melting point and promote fusion
Fallacy
- A false notion; a piece of false reasoning, the quality in reasoning of being false or unsound
Urstoff
- German word; ‘prime matter’
Hylozoists
- Canadian instrumental node super group
o Hylozoism
§ The doctrine that all matter is endowed with life
Apeiror
- Greek word ‘unlimited’, infinite; indefinite
Doxa
- Beliefs; opinion
Chapter 6
Endowment
- The act of endowing (with money or other property)
- The money or properly so given
- A natural gift or ability
o Endow
§ To give money or other property for the permanent upkeep or benefit of (an institution, organization. etc)
Impunity
- Immunity to or exemption from punishment
Appetitive
- Relating to or characterized by appetite – a natural desire to satisfy hunger
Allegory
- A work of art in which a deeper meaning underlies the superficial or literal meaning; the carrying of one meaning by another In this way
Mimetic
- Exhibiting mimicry; pertaining to mime
o Mimic
§ Copying or imitating something
§ Someone who imitates others, often satirically
o Mime
§ Form of entertainment in which story and emotion are conveyed by gesture only, without words, but often with music and décor
Adjudication
- The action of adjudicating a judge’s decision decree in bankrupt insolvent
o Adjucate / adjucating
§ To determine (an issue) judicially; to act as judge in a context
Spirited
- Lively; showing creative energy; full of energy and courage; having a storing, assertive personality
- Having specified character, quality
Artisans
- A trained craftsman, example a printer, cabinet maker, filter
Matriculation
- Registered or added to a list
o Matriculate
§ To enroll in a university or college
Rectificatory
- A rectifying or being rectified
o Rectified
§ To set right, correct
§ To correct by calculation or adjustment
Chapter 7
Pantheism
- The belief or theory that god and the universe are identical
Skeptic
- A person who doubts the truth of anything, especially of that which others accept as true
Eclectic
- Taking from different sources what seems must suitable for ones purpose
Unconventional
o Un – prefix not, lack of opposite
o Conventional – depending on or deriving from convention
Dogmatic
- Of or relating to dogma doctrinal
o Dogma
§ A basic doctrinal point in religion or philosophy
Cynic
- Someone who believes that self interest is the motive of all human conduct
Epicurean
- Pertaining to Epicurus and his followers
- Of or appealing to an epicure
o Epicure
§ A discriminating person, especially one who cultivates and enjoys his taste for the best in food and drinks
Syncretic
- Attempted reconciliation of conflicting or opposite beliefs example in philosophy or religion especially undeitically
- The development of a religion by the subsuming of older forms
Abdication
- The renouncing of power or high office, especially of kingship
Contemporary
- Belonging to the same time, contemporaneous
Chapter 8
Patristic
- Of or relating to the fathers of the Christian church or to their writings
Medieval
- Relating to or characteristics of the middle age
Gentiles
- Not Jewish especially Christian
Subjugate
- To conquer and hold in subjection
Scriptures
- The bible (usually omitting the apocrypha)
- A passage in the bible
- The study of the bible
- The sacred writing or books of our religion
Scholasticism
- The synthesis of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian revelation in medieval European thought.
- It sought to resolve the conflict of faith and reason and of nominal’s and realism, and to establish proof of the existence of god
o Scholastic
§ Pertaining to the schoolmen and their methods of discussion
Pagan
- A heathen, especially one who worshipped the gods of ancient Greece and Rome
- Pertaining to or characteristics
Celestial
- Pertaining to the sky or heavens
- Pertaining to a spiritual heaven, heavenly, divine
Ineffable
- Incapable of being expressed or adequately described
Predilection
- A special taste or liking
Chapter 9
State of nature
- Term used in social contract theories to describe the hypothetical condition of humanity before the state foundation
Rectify
- To put right, to rplace by something more right or just
Imperative
- Which must at all costs be obeyed or which cannot in any maybe ignored
Progenitor
- An ancestor of a person; an originator of an idea or theory
Inimical
- Hostile; harmful; unfavorable
Arbitrary
- Arrived at without allowing argument or objection
Postulate
- An assumption; hypothesis to demand; to require as an essential
Federative
- of or relating to federation
Prerogative
- an exclusive right or privilege possessed by a person or body of persons
Vox Populi Vox Dei
- the voice of the people is the voice of god
Chapter 10
Propinquity
- nearness in place or time
- nearness of kinship
Felicity
- marked aptness or grace of language
- a well-chosen expression
Infallibility
- the quality or state of being infallible
o infallible
§ incapable of error
§ never failing
Pragmatic
- of or relating to pragmatism
- dealing with events in the light of practical lessons or applications
Perplexity
- the quality or state of being perplexed
o perplex
§ to make (someone) uncertain about the nature of, or the reason for or answer to, something difficult to understand
Fecundity
- quality or state of being fecund
o fecund
§ prolific , fertile, rich in inventive power
Prejudice
- a preconceived opinion, usually unfavorable; the holding of such an opinion; an unjustified and unreasonable bias
Rationale
- the logical justifying grounds for something
Conspicuous
- very readily perceived; attracting attention
Discernible
- to see, or to make out through any f the see ; perceive with the mind